Molecular evidence dna, rna, protein comparison systematics. Ontogeny and phylogeny in horse skull evolution leonard radinsky anatomy department, university of chicago, chicago, illinois 60637 received february 3, 1983. Phylogeny and the tree of life chapter 26 bcor 012 february 4,7, 2011 in a phylogenetic classification, only monophyletic groups are named. Fundamental to phylogeny is the proposition, universally accepted in the scientific community, that plants or animals of different species descended from common ancestors. Paige greenwood my family tree a phylogenetic tree vs. But in reality, this series is the best argument that can be presented against evolution from the fossil record. Taxonomy and phylogeny of animals by paige greenwood on prezi. Phylogeny definition is the evolutionary history of a kind of organism. Ppt phylogeny and the tree of life powerpoint presentation.
Phylogeny of the horsefrom tapirlike hyracotheres or from. The powerpoint slides are designed to introduce the equidae horse. A species is identified here according to reproductive properties of populations, groups of related organisms inhabiting a particular geographic area not according to organismal morphology biological species concept typological species concept. Edgecombe,3 and andreas hejnol4 1department of ecology and evolutionary biology, brown university, providence. A modern horse is about 150 cm tall at the shoulders ppt. How to read phylogenetic trees and determine which species are most related. Paleozoologists have been able to piece together a more complete outline of the evolutionary lineage of the modern horse than of any other animal. Speciation events create branches junctions indicate a common ancestor attempts to explain. In plants, the term cultivar or variety is often used instead. So how do you tell which organisms on a tree are most closely related to one another. Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that todays audiences expect. The evolution of the horse, a mammal of the family equidae, occurred over a geologic time scale of 50 million years, transforming the small, dogsized, forestdwelling eohippus into the modern horse.
Phylogenetic tree editable flowchart template on creately. The history of the horse family, equidae, began during the eocene epoch, which lasted from about 56 million to 33. Horse evolution geology 331geology 331 paleontology. The evolutionary lineage of the horse is among the bestdocumented in all paleontology. Such exhibits focussed attention on the horse family specifically as a model of gradual, straightline evolution.
For some reasons horses became extinct in north america by the end of pleistocene epoch but their offshoots in europe and asia flourished. Ppt phylogeny and systematics powerpoint presentation. Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that. As you move from the root to the tips, you are moving forward in time. Phylogeny of the horsefrom tapirlike hyracotheres or.
Edgecombe,3 and andreas hejnol4 1department of ecology and evolutionary biology, brown university, providence, rhode island 02912. Taxonomy equus first described by carl linnaeus in 1758 is the only recognized extant genus in the family equidae equus hippotigris encompasses several subspecies of equidae commonly known as asses characterized by long ears lean, straightbacked build lack of a true withers. Ppt molecular phylogeny powerpoint presentation free. This form, whose remains come from lower eocene beds of new mexico and wyoming, had been named and described in 1873 by marshs bitter rival. Dna sequence analysis dictates new interpretation of phylogenic trees. Hyracotherium miohippus merychippus equus hind feet left, front feet right. Download chapter 26 powerpoint phylogeny and the tree of life ppt for free. Phylogeny definition of phylogeny by merriamwebster. The response earned 2 points for stating that the penguin is. However, while the overall picture of equid evolution is well known, the details are surprisingly poorly understood, especially for the later pliocene and pleistocene, c. Huxley popularized was a striking example of evolution taking place in a single lineage. Data for phylogeny can be classified into two categories.
Chapter 22 objectives decent with modification chapter 22 powerpoint. See more ideas about horses, prehistoric and extinct animals. If you use this site, as i am managing it alone since years. You can edit this template and create your own diagram. A seal is more closely related to a whale than to a horse c a seal is equally related to a horse and a whale d a seal is related to a whale, but is not related to a horse. A species is a reproductive community of populations reproductively isolated from others that occupies a specific niche in nature. If youre seeing this message, it means were having trouble loading external resources on our website. Horsezebra hybrid shows that genes are discrete and not blended by genetic recombination. Taxa that were once thought to represent successive grades of complexity at the base of the metazoan tree are being displaced to much higher positions inside the tree.
Horse zebra hybrid shows that genes are discrete and not blended by genetic recombination. Chapter 26 phylogeny and the tree of life a free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. The root of the tree represents the ancestral lineage, and the tips of the branches represent the descendents of that ancestor. The student knows evolutionary theory is a scientific explanation for the unity and diversity of life. This article addresses some of the current problems. Revised june 20, 1983 horses family equidae have one of the longest and richest fossil records of any group of mammals, and it documents major changes in morphology. Victoria baker intro first, horse evolution didnt proceed in a straight line. Phylogenetic analysis irit orr subjects of this lecture 1 introducing some of the terminology of phylogenetics. The evolution of the horse family, as illustratd in the yale collecions.
The oddtoed ungulates horses belong to the perissodactyla, the oddtoed ungulates this group includes horses, rhinos and tapirs today equus the genus equus includes horses, zebra and asses the last remaining branch of a diverse group of equids similar to the status of homo sapiens, the last remaining species of a once diverse group of hominids. Chapter 23 objectives evolution of populations chapter 23 powerpoint. Ppt the evolution of the horse powerpoint presentation. The horse evolved over a 60 million years into an animal that man kind has relied on to help spread onto every corner of the planet. Evolution, systematics, and phylogeography of pleistocene. The rich fossil record of horses has made them a classic example of evolutionary processes. Its tempting to focus on the order of the branch tips on a tree i. Microsoft powerpoint horseevolution compatibility mode. Lice are obligate parasites, living externally on warmblooded hosts which include every species of bird and mammal, except for monotremes, pangolins, and bats. Anchitherium was an early miocene threetoed browsing horse and hipparion was a late miocene threetoed grazing horse. Throughout the phylogenetic development, the teeth of the horse underwent significant changes. Understanding a phylogeny is a lot like reading a family tree. Taxonomy is the science of classification of organisms.
Phylogeny, the history of the evolution of a species or group, especially in reference to lines of descent and relationships among broad groups of organisms fundamental to phylogeny is the proposition, universally accepted in the scientific community, that plants or animals of different species descended from common ancestors. The horse series has long been a showcase of evolution. Evolution of horse from eocene to pleistocene period. Creately diagrams can be exported and added to word, ppt powerpoint, excel, visio or any other document. Horse donkey chicken penguin snake horse 0 1 11 21 donkey 0 10 12 20 chicken 0 3 18 penguin 0 17 snake 0 phylogeny is the evolutionary history of a species. Chapter 26 powerpoint phylogeny and the tree of life. The type of the original omnivorous teeth with short, bumpy. Displaying powerpoint presentation on chapter 26 powerpoint phylogeny and the tree of life available to view or download. Marshs 1874 scheme was missing the first member of the horse family, now wellknown as eohippus. The evolution of the horse mats molen the horse series has long been a showcase of evolution. Darwins idea that species change or evolve through time, he.
Pdf animal phylogeny and its evolutionary implications. Some years later, the american museum of natural history assembled a famous exhibit of these fossil horses, designed to show gradual evolution from eohippus now called hyracotherium to. Molecular phylogeny lab exercise use bioinformatics tool called geneious to compare evolutionary relationships between organisms 1 examine amino acid sequence in human coxiii 2 compare norway rat sequence to human and determine how similar they are 3 compare human and rat sequences with those of other animals and plants, and construct. Get free outlook email and calendar, plus office online apps like word, excel and powerpoint. Use pdf export for high quality prints and svg export for large sharp images or embed your diagrams anywhere with the creately viewer. The extinct quagga 1883, related to todays 1870 plains zebras. This leaves no evolutionary intermediates and forces us to rethink the genesis of bilaterian complexity. Evolution of horse dates back to eocene epoch, about 60 million years ago. What was still needed was an animal that was less horselike, more dawnmammalian, and ideally from the early eocene. This video illustrates the biological species concept a species is a group of organisms that interbreed and produce fertile offspring and well as obliquely referring to the morphological species concept species are groups of organisms that share similar. During the early eocene there appeared the first ancestral horse, a hoofed, browsing mammal designated correctly as hyracotherium but. Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine.
Ppt phylogeny powerpoint presentation free to download. If a paraphyletic group bears a name, it will be an informal one e. If you use this site, as i am managing it alone since years, could you please add me in the. Horse history horse history can be traced back to a prehistoric animal known as the candylarth which was about the size of a mediumsized dog and they had five toes on each foot and thickened nails. The science of taxonomy and where humans fit into the tree of life.
A modern horse is about 150 cm tall at the shoulders and has only one toe. A species is identified here according to reproductive properties of populations, groups of related organisms inhabiting a particular geographic area not according to organismal morphology biological species concept typological species concept species are. Prehistoric horse the horse as we know it today is descendant from a small primitive, four toed animal. Primary center of evolution were great plains of north america, from where species migrated to europe and asia from time to time. The sequence of horse fossils that marsh described and that t.
The evolution of the horse equine studies institute. Mesohippus is intermediate between the eohippuslike horses of the eocene, which dont look much like our familiar horse and more modern horses. During the early eocene there appeared the first ancestral horse, a hoofed, browsing mammal designated correctly as hyracotherium but more commonly called. Science fair project on introduction to origin of horses. During the early eocene there appeared the first ancestral horse, a hoofed, browsing mammal designated correctly as. Lopez chapter molecular basis of inheritance dna molecular basis of inheritance dna. The response describes the phylogeny by highlighting the closeness of the donkeyhorse and penguinchicken relationships and indicating that the snake is quite different from the other four species, thus earning 1 point. What is evolution and what is the evidence that supports it as a theory.
Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. When i did this i was only expecting it to be short but it was long. Phylogeny introduction phylogenetics is the study of evolutionary relationships among organisms or genes. Below, we will refer to the objects whose phylogeny we are studying as organisms or species, but the discussion of methods is valid for the phylogeny of genes as well. How horse evolve from eohippus to modern eques cabbalus. If you were to add a trout to the phylogeny shown above, where would its lineage attach to. Some years later, the american museum of natural history assembled a famous exhibit of fossil horses, designed to show gradual evolution from eohippus now called hyracotherium to modern equus.
The evolution of the horse article pdf available in journal of reproduction and fertility. The history and evolution of the horse authorstream. Habitat change evasion of predators change in diet browsers to grazers expansion of range franzen, j. Breed is another term for subspecies, usually applied to animals.
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